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Translation

Fluent Translation · Read & Reflect

Psalms 93

The LORD Reigns

The LORD reigns;
he is clothed with majesty.

The LORD is clothed,
he has girded himself with strength.

Indeed, the world is established;
it will not be moved. Your throne is established from of old;
you are from everlasting.

The floods have lifted up, O LORD,
the floods have lifted up their voice;

the floods lift up their roaring. More than the voices of many waters,
more than the mighty breakers of the sea,

the LORD on high is mighty.

Your testimonies are very sure;
holiness befits your house, O LORD,
for length of days.

Translation guide

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Study help

Notes

Translation notes for Psalms 93.

v01

The psalm opens with a declarative enthronement formula (“The LORD reigns”), not an argument but a proclamation.

v01

Clothing imagery (“clothed with majesty,” “girded with strength”) presents kingship as both visible and active.

v01

The stability of the world is linked to divine reign, not to natural permanence.

v02

The throne is “established from of old,” yet God is “from everlasting.” The distinction preserves both historical imagery and divine transcendence.

v03–04

The floods are personified and intensified through repetition. Their rising voice evokes chaos without narrating a specific event.

v04

The comparison does not deny the power of the waters but places it within a greater hierarchy—“the LORD on high is mighty.”

v05

“Testimonies” may refer to divine decrees or covenantal witness. Their reliability parallels the stability named earlier.

v05

Holiness is not abstract but fitting (“befits”) to God’s house, linking divine character with sacred space.

v05

“For length of days” suggests enduring order rather than a measured duration.

Study help

Vocabulary

Selected source-language vocabulary for Psalms 93.

v01

מָלַךְ (malak)

“To reign.” Indicates active kingship, not merely title.

v01

לָבֵשׁ (lavesh)

“To clothe.” Used metaphorically for assuming visible attributes.

v01

עֹז (ʿoz)

“Strength.” Often associated with royal or divine power.

v01

תֵּבֵל (tevel)

“World.” Refers to the inhabited, ordered earth.

v02

כִּסֵּא (kisseʾ)

“Throne.” Symbol of rule and authority.

v03

נָשָׂא (nasaʾ)

“To lift up.” Repeated for emphasis, conveying rising force.

v03

קוֹל (qol)

“Voice” or “sound.” Can denote speech or natural noise such as waters.

v04

אַדִּיר (addir)

“Mighty” or “majestic.” Used of overwhelming strength or grandeur.

v05

עֵדוֹת (ʿedot)

“Testimonies.” Can refer to covenantal laws or divine witness.

v05

קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh)

“Holiness.” Denotes what is set apart, belonging properly to God.

v05

אֹרֶךְ יָמִים (ʾorekh yamim)

“Length of days.” A phrase expressing enduring duration or permanence.